The effect of air pollution on COVID‐19 severity in a sample of patients with multiple sclerosis

Author:

Bergamaschi Roberto1,Ponzano Marta2ORCID,Schiavetti Irene2ORCID,Carmisciano Luca2ORCID,Cordioli Cinzia3,Filippi Massimo45678ORCID,Radaelli Marta9,Immovilli Paolo10,Capobianco Marco11ORCID,De Rossi Nicola3,Brichetto Giampaolo12ORCID,Cocco Eleonora1314,Scandellari Cinzia15,Cavalla Paola16,Pesci Ilaria17,Zito Antonio1ORCID,Confalonieri Paolo18,Marfia Girolama Alessandra19,Perini Paola20,Inglese Matilde2122,Trojano Maria23,Brescia Morra Vincenzo24,Pisoni Enrico25,Tedeschi Gioacchino26,Comi Giancarlo27ORCID,Battaglia Mario Alberto2829,Patti Francesco3031ORCID,Salvetti Marco3233,Sormani Maria Pia222,Abbadessa Gianmarco,Aguglia Umberto,Allegorico Lia,Allegri Rossi Beatrice Maria,Alteno Anastasia,Amato Maria Pia,Annovazzi Pietro,Antozzi Carlo,Appendino Lucia,Arena Sebastiano,Baione Viola,Balgera Roberto,Barcella Valeria,Baroncini Damiano,Barrilà Caterina,Battaglia Mario A.,Bellacosa Alessandra,Bellucci Gianmarco,Bergamaschi Roberto,Bergamaschi Valeria,Bezzini Daiana,Biolzi Beatrice,Bisecco Alvino,Bonavita Simona,Borriello Giovanna,Bosa Chiara,Bosco Antonio,Bovis Francesca,Bozzali Marco,Brambilla Laura,Brescia Morra Vincenzo,Brichetto Giampaolo,Buccafusca Maria,Bucciantini Elisabetta,Bucello Sebastiano,Buscarinu Maria Chiara,Cabboi Maria Paola,Calabrese Massimiliano,Calabria Francesca,Caleri Francesca,Camilli Federico,Caniatti Luisa Maria,Cantello Roberto,Capobianco Marco,Capra Ruggero,Capuano Rocco,Carmisciano Luca,Carta Patrizia,Cavalla Paola,Celani Maria Grazia,Cellerino Maria,Cerqua Raffaella,Chisari Clara,Clerici Raffaella,Clerico Marinella,Cocco Eleonora,Cola Gaia,Comi Giancarlo,Confalonieri Paolo,Conte Antonella,Conti Marta Zaffira,Cordano Christian,Cordera Susanna,Cordioli Cinzia,Corea Francesco,Correale Claudio,Cottone Salvatore,Crescenzo Francesco,Curti Erica,d'Ambrosio Alessandro,D'Amico Emanuele,Danni Maura Chiara,d'Arma Alessia,Dattola Vincenzo,de Biase Stefano,De Luca Giovanna,De Mercanti Stefania Federica,De Mitri Paolo,De Rossi Nicola,De Stefano Nicola,Della Cava Marco,di Napoli Mario,Di Sapio Alessia,Docimo Renato,Dutto Anna,Evangelista Luana,Fanara Salvatore,Ferraro Diana,Ferrò Maria Teresa,Filippi Massimo,Fioretti Cristina,Fratta Mario,Frau Jessica,Fronza Marzia,Furlan Roberto,Gajofatto Alberto,Gallo Antonio,Gallo Paolo,Gasperini Claudio,Ghazaryan Anna,Giometto Bruno,Gobbin Francesca,Govone Flora,Granella Franco,Grange Erica,Grasso Maria Grazia,Guareschi Angelica,Guaschino Clara,Guerrieri Simone,Guidetti Donata,Iaffaldano Pietro,Ianniello Antonio,Iasevoli Luigi,Immovilli Paolo,Imperiale Daniele,Infante Maria Teresa,Inglese Matilde,Iodice Rosa,Iovino Aniello,Konrad Giovanna,Landi Doriana,Lanzillo Roberta,Lapucci Caterina,Lavorgna Luigi,L'Episcopo Maria Rita,Leva Serena,Liberatore Giuseppe,Lo Re Marianna,Longoni Marco,Lopiano Leonardo,Lorefice Lorena,Lucchini Matteo,Lus Giacomo,Maimone Davide,Malentacchi Maria,Mallucci Giulia,Malucchi Simona,Mancinelli Chiara Rosa,Mancinelli Luca,Manganotti Paolo,Maniscalco Giorgia Teresa,Mantero Vittorio,Marangoni Sabrina,Marastoni Damiano,Marfia Girolama Alessandra,Marinelli Fabiana,Marti Alessandro,Martinelli Boneschi Filippo,Masserano Zoli Federco,Matta Francesca,Mendozzi Laura,Meucci Giuseppe,Miante Silvia,Miele Giuseppina,Milano Eva,Mirabella Massimiliano,Missione Rosanna,Moccia Marcello,Moiola Lucia,Montepietra Sara,MontiBragadin Margherita,Montini Federico,Motta Roberta,Nardone Raffaele,Nicoletti Carolina Gabri,Nobile‐Orazio Eduardo,Nozzolillo Agostino,Onofrj Marco,Orlandi Riccardo,Palmieri Anna,Paolicelli Damiano,Pasquali Livia,Pastò Luisa,Patti Francesco,Pedrazzoli Elisabetta,Perini Paola,Pesci Ilaria,Petracca Maria,Petrone Alfredo,Piantadosi Carlo,Pietroboni Anna M.,Pinardi Federica,Ponzano Marta,Portaccio Emilio,Pozzato Mattia,Pozzilli Carlo,Prosperini Luca,Protti Alessandra,Radaelli Marta,Ragonese Paolo,Rasia Sarah,Realmuto Sabrina,Repice Anna,Rigoni Eleonora,Rilla Maria Teresa,Rinaldi Francesca,Romano Calogero Marcello,Ronzoni Marco,Rovaris Marco,Ruscica Francesca,Sabattini Loredana,Salemi Giuseppe,Salvetti Marco,Saraceno Lorenzo,Sartori Alessia,Sartori Arianna,Sbragia Elvira,Scandellari Cinzia,Scarano Giuditta Ilaria,Scarano Valentina,Schiavetti Irene,Sessa Maria,Sgarito Caterina,Sibilia Grazia,Siciliano Gabriele,Signori Alessio,Signoriello Elisabetta,Sinisi Leonardo,Sireci Francesca,Sola Patrizia,Solaro Claudio,Sormani Maria Pia,Sotgiu Stefano,Sparaco Maddalena,Stromillo Maria Laura,Strumia Silvia,Susani Emanuela Laura,Tabiadon Giulietta,Teatini Francesco,Tedeschi Gioacchino,Tomassini Valentina,Tonietti Simone,Torri Clerici Valentina,Tortorella Carla,Toscano Simona,Totaro Rocco,Trojano Maria,Trotta Maria,Turano Gabriella,Ulivelli Monica,Valentino Manzo,Vaula Giovanna,Vecchio Domizia,Vercellino Marco,Verrengia Elena Pinuccia,Vianello Marika,Virgilio Eleonora,Vitetta Francesca,Vollaro Stefano,Zaffaroni Mauro,Zampolini Mauro,Zarbo Ignazio Roberto,Zito Antonio,Zuliani Luigi,

Affiliation:

1. Multiple Sclerosis Research Center IRCCS Mondino Foundation Pavia Italy

2. Department of Health Sciences University of Genova Genova Italy

3. Centro Sclerosi Multipla ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia Montichiari Italy

4. Neurology Unit IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy

5. Neurorehabilitation Unit IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy

6. Neurophysiology Unit IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy

7. Neuroimaging Research Unit Division of Neuroscience IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy

8. Vita‐Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy

9. Department of Neurology and Multiple Sclerosis Center ASST ‘Papa Giovanni XXIII’ Bergamo Italy

10. Multiple Sclerosis Center Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto Piacenza Italy

11. Regional Referral Multiple Sclerosis Centre Department of Neurology University Hospital San Luigi Orbassano (Torino) Italy

12. AISM Rehabilitation Center Italian MS Society Genoa Italy

13. Centro Sclerosi Multipla ATS Sardegna Cagliari Italy

14. Dipartimento Scienze Mediche e Sanità Pubblica Università di Cagliari Cagliari Italy

15. IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di BolognaUOSI Riabilitazione Sclerosi Multipla Bologna Italy

16. MS Center Department of Neuroscience City of Health and Science University Hospital of Turin Turin Italy

17. Centro SM UOC Neurologia Fidenza AUSL PR Fidenza Italy

18. Multiple Sclerosis Centre Neuroimmunology Department ‘Carlo Besta’ Neurological Institute Milan Italy

19. Multiple Sclerosis Clinical and Research Unit Department of Systems Medicine Tor Vergata University Rome Italy

20. Department of Neurology Multiple Sclerosis Center University of Padua Padova Italy

21. Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI) University of Genoa Genoa Italy

22. IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino Genoa Italy

23. Department of Basic Medical Sciences Neurosciences and Sense Organs University of Bari Bari Italy

24. Federico II University of Naples Naples Italy

25. European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) Ispra Italy

26. Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Campania Napoli Italy

27. Università Vita Salute San RaffaeleCasa di Cura Privata del Policlinico Milan Italy

28. Research Department Italian Multiple Sclerosis Foundation Genoa Italy

29. Department of Life Sciences University of Siena Siena Italy

30. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies GF Ingrassia University of Catania Catania Italy

31. Centro Sclerosi Multipla Policlinico CataniaUniversity of Catania Catania Italy

32. Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy

33. Unit of Neurology IRCCS Neuromed Pozzilli Italy

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Neurology (clinical),Neurology

Reference35 articles.

1. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019

2. World Health Organization.Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) and the virus that causes it. coronavirus‐disease‐(covid‐2019)‐and‐the‐virus‐that‐causes‐it;2020(accessed 5 July 2021).

3. World Health Organization.WHO Director‐General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID‐19—11 March 2020.https://www.who.int/director‐general/speeches/detail/who‐director‐general‐s‐opening‐remarks‐at‐the‐media‐briefing‐on‐covid‐19‐‐‐11‐march‐2020;2020. Accessed July 5 2021.

4. The first two cases of 2019‐nCoV in Italy: Where they come from?

5. Epidemiological trends of COVID‐19 epidemic in Italy over March 2020: From 1000 to 100 000 cases

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