Tongue metastasis of malignant melanoma: A case report and a systemic review of the literature

Abstract

AbstractObjectivesThe incidence of malignant melanoma, with potential for tongue metastasis, is increasing. This study presents a case of tongue metastasis of cutaneous malignant melanoma, along with a comprehensive systematic review of the cases presented in English literature. The aim is to increase clinical and pathological knowledge of these challenging cases.Materials and MethodsThe literature search was carried out according to PRISMA guidelines by two independent researchers using four online databases: Medline, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus.ResultsAltogether 24 cases of tongue metastasis of malignant melanoma were observed (mean age 54.9 years, range 27–86 years). The average time from the primary tumour to tongue metastasis was 4.5 years. The metastatic tumour was generally indolent or mildly symptomatic. The most prevalent clinical presentation was a submucosal, non‐ulcerated tumour mass, located in the tongue base or lateral surfaces. The prognosis at the time of tongue metastasis was generally poor, with a mean survival of 2.9 months.ConclusionConsidering the mild symptoms, varying age of the subjects and interval from the initial diagnosis, a comprehensive anamnesis and regular oral examination should be emphasized, and metastatic malignant melanoma considered in cases of lingual tumour.