1. Department of Nursing, College of Medicine; National Taiwan University; Changhua Christian Hospital; Changhua Taiwan
2. Nursing Department; Changhua Christian Hospital; Changhua Taiwan
3. Department of Nursing; College of Medicine; National Taiwan University; National Taiwan University Hospital; Taipei Taiwan
4. Nursing Department; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
5. Department of Health Systems Science; College of Nursing; University of Illinois; Chicago IL USA