1. Department of Anesthesiology; Mennonite Christian Hospital; Hualien Taiwan
2. Department of Life Sciences; National Dong Hwa University; Hualien Taiwan
3. Graduate Institute of Nursing; College of Nursing; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
4. Department of Anesthesiology; Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital; The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation; Taipei Taiwan
5. School of Medicine; Tzu Chi University; Hualien Taiwan