1. Department of Plant and Soil Sciences University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
2. Malawi College of Forestry and Wildlife Dedza Malawi
3. Management of Natural Resources Laboratory of Ecology, Botany and Plant Biology University of Parakou Parakou Bénin Republic
4. Department of Environmental and Plant Sciences School of Natural Resources Copperbelt University Kitwe Zambia
5. Earth Observation group Natural Resources, and Environment Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Pretoria South Africa