The toxicity of chlorine dioxide to clownfish and its bactericidal capability to pathogenic strains of vibrio spp.

Author:

Lin Chia‐Te1,Liu Juan‐Ting123,Wang Pei‐Chi1245,Chen Shih‐Chu12345ORCID

Affiliation:

1. International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Pingtung Taiwan

2. Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Pingtung Taiwan

3. General Research Service Center National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Pingtung Taiwan

4. Research Center for Fish Vaccine and Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Pingtung Taiwan

5. Southern Taiwan Fish Diseases Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Pingtung Taiwan

Abstract

AbstractGlobal ornamental fish transportation ranging from hours to days can produce multiple stress factors impact fish health and cause mortality. Clownfish, particularly Amphiprion ocellaris, are among the most traded saltwater ornamental fish. Vibrio includes several pathogenic strains that affect aquatic animals. Consequently, prophylactic treatment of the water or fish is recommended. In this study, six Vibrio strains including V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus and V. harveyi isolated from sick A. ocellaris and one V. harveyi strain from a sick East Asian fourfinger threadfin (Eleutheronema rhadinum) were tested for their sensitivity to a popular disinfectant, chlorine dioxide (ClO2). The results showed that 0.25 ppm ClO2 effectively suppressed five of the seven tested Vibrio strains for 24 h; however, 0.1 ppm ClO2 is safer for A. ocellaris. Meanwhile, ClO2 2.5 ppm reduced the bacterial counts to below 3.3 × 105 CFU/mL for 24 hours. The LC50 of ClO2 for A. ocellaris was 0.87 ppm at 10 min and 0.72 ppm at 24 h post treatment. Mild changes in water quality, including dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature and pH, were recorded during the trial. More research is necessary to understand the sensitivity of various aquatic animal pathogens to ClO2 and its toxicity to different aquatic animals.

Funder

Council of Agriculture

Publisher

Wiley

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