Does adding hydroxychloroquine to empiric treatment improve the live birth rate in refractory obstetrical antiphospholipid syndrome? A systematic review

Abstract

AbstractProblemThe current standard prevention of obstetric complications in patients with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is the use of combination low‐dose aspirin and low molecular weight heparin. However, 20‐30% of women still experience refractory obstetrical APS. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an immunomodulatory agent that has been shown in laboratory studies to decrease thrombosis risk, support placentation, and minimize the destructive effects of antiphospholipid antibodies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of pregnancy loss upon treatment with HCQ among women with refractory obstetrical APS.Method of studyA systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies that evaluated the use of HCQ during pregnancy in women with primary APS were included. The primary outcomes of interest were live birth and pregnancy losses after treatment with HCQ.ResultsTwelve studies met inclusion criteria. Three retrospective cohort studies demonstrated improved live birth rate, and four studies demonstrated a reduction in pregnancy loss rate. Two case reports also demonstrated a benefit in the use of HCQ compared to previous obstetrical outcomes.ConclusionsOur findings suggest a significant benefit of HCQ in addition to aspirin and heparin for patients with APS to mitigate the risk of antiphospholipid antibody mediated obstetrical complications. Randomized controlled trials with standardized patient selection criteria need to be conducted to corroborate these findings.