Sequential cellular and humoral responses after repetitive COVID‐19 vaccination in patients treated with anti‐CD20 antibodies

Abstract

SummaryPatients treated with anti‐CD20 antibodies for haematological disorders have insufficient immune responses to mRNA COVID‐19 vaccines; however, relevant sequential data are lacking. We sequentially evaluated the humoral and cellular immune responses in 22 patients who had received anti‐CD20 antibodies within 12 months before the first vaccination, before and after the third and fourth vaccinations. Humoral responses improved gradually, along with the resolution of B‐cell depletion. A steady increase was noted in cellular responses, regardless of the B‐cell status. Our findings suggest the potential benefit of repeated vaccinations in these patients until B‐cell recovery is confirmed while enhancing cellular responses.