Comparative experimental evolution reveals species‐specific idiosyncrasies in marine phytoplankton adaptation to warming

Author:

Barton Samuel12ORCID,Padfield Daniel1ORCID,Masterson Abigail1,Buckling Angus1ORCID,Smirnoff Nicholas3ORCID,Yvon‐Durocher Gabriel1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Environment and Sustainability Institute University of Exeter, Penryn Campus Penryn UK

2. Department of Earth Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK

3. Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK

Abstract

AbstractA number of experimental studies have demonstrated that phytoplankton can display rapid thermal adaptation in response to warmed environments. While these studies provide insight into the evolutionary responses of single species, they tend to employ different experimental techniques. Consequently, our ability to compare the potential for thermal adaptation across different, ecologically relevant, species remains limited. Here, we address this limitation by conducting simultaneous long‐term warming experiments with the same experimental design on clonal isolates of three phylogenetically diverse species of marine phytoplankton; the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp., the prasinophyte Ostreococcus tauri and the diatom Phaeodoactylum tricornutum. Over the same experimental time period, we observed differing levels of thermal adaptation in response to stressful supra‐optimal temperatures. Synechococcus sp. displayed the greatest improvement in fitness (i.e., growth rate) and thermal tolerance (i.e., temperature limits of growth). Ostreococcus tauri was able to improve fitness and thermal tolerance, but to a lesser extent. Finally, Phaeodoactylum tricornutum showed no signs of adaptation. These findings could help us understand how the structure of phytoplankton communities may change in response to warming, and possible biogeochemical implications, as some species show relatively more rapid adaptive shifts in their thermal tolerance.

Funder

Leverhulme Trust

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

General Environmental Science,Ecology,Environmental Chemistry,Global and Planetary Change

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