1. The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; University of Washington; Seattle WA
2. Health Services Research and Development; Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Healthcare System; Seattle WA
3. The Emergency Medical Services Division; Public Health-Seattle & King County; Seattle WA
4. The Departments of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine and the Clinical Research; Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness (CRISMA) Center; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA