Tree water uptake patterns across the globe

Author:

Bachofen Christoph12ORCID,Tumber‐Dávila Shersingh Joseph34ORCID,Mackay D. Scott5ORCID,McDowell Nate G.67ORCID,Carminati Andrea8ORCID,Klein Tamir9ORCID,Stocker Benjamin D.1011ORCID,Mencuccini Maurizio1213ORCID,Grossiord Charlotte12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering EPFL 1015 Lausanne Switzerland

2. Functional Plant Ecology, Community Ecology Unit Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL 1015 Lausanne Switzerland

3. Department of Environmental Studies Dartmouth College Hanover NH 03755 USA

4. Harvard Forest Harvard University Petersham MA 01316 USA

5. Department of Geography University at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14261 USA

6. Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland WA 99354 USA

7. School of Biological Sciences Washington State University Pullman WA 99163 USA

8. Physics of Soils and Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH Zürich 8092 Zürich Switzerland

9. Plant & Environmental Sciences Department Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100 Israel

10. Institute of Geography University of Bern Bern 3013 Switzerland

11. Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research University of Bern 3013 Bern Switzerland

12. CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès Barcelona 08193 Spain

13. ICREA at CREAF Cerdanyola del Vallès Barcelona 08193 Spain

Abstract

SummaryPlant water uptake from the soil is a crucial element of the global hydrological cycle and essential for vegetation drought resilience. Yet, knowledge of how the distribution of water uptake depth (WUD) varies across species, climates, and seasons is scarce relative to our knowledge of aboveground plant functions. With a global literature review, we found that average WUD varied more among biomes than plant functional types (i.e. deciduous/evergreen broadleaves and conifers), illustrating the importance of the hydroclimate, especially precipitation seasonality, on WUD. By combining records of rooting depth with WUD, we observed a consistently deeper maximum rooting depth than WUD with the largest differences in arid regions – indicating that deep taproots act as lifelines while not contributing to the majority of water uptake. The most ubiquitous observation across the literature was that woody plants switch water sources to soil layers with the highest water availability within short timescales. Hence, seasonal shifts to deep soil layers occur across the globe when shallow soils are drying out, allowing continued transpiration and hydraulic safety. While there are still significant gaps in our understanding of WUD, the consistency across global ecosystems allows integration of existing knowledge into the next generation of vegetation process models.

Publisher

Wiley

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