Affiliation:
1. School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Islamabad Pakistan
2. Faculty of Sciences and Technology University of Central Punjab Lahore Pakistan
3. Department of Biochemistry Sahara Medical College Narowal Pakistan
4. Environmental and Biological Science Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China
5. Food and Biotechnology Research Centre Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Lahore Pakistan
6. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore Lahore Pakistan
7. Institute of Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences Lahore College for Women University Lahore Lahore Pakistan
Abstract
AbstractThe aggressive characteristics of triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) and the absence of targeted medicines make TNBC a challenging clinical case. The molecular landscape of TNBC has been well‐understood thanks to recent developments in multi‐omic analysis, which have also revealed dysregulated pathways and possible treatment targets. This review summarizes the utilization of multi‐omic approaches in elucidating TNBC's complex biology and therapeutic avenues. Dysregulated pathways including cell cycle progression, immunological modulation, and DNA damage response have been uncovered in TNBC by multi‐omic investigations that integrate genomes, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics data. Methods like this pave the door for the discovery of new therapeutic targets, such as the EGFR, PARP, and mTOR pathways, which in turn direct the creation of more precise treatments. Recent developments in TNBC treatment strategies, including immunotherapy, PARP inhibitors, and antibody‐drug conjugates, show promise in clinical trials. Emerging biomarkers like MUC1, YB‐1, and immune‐related markers offer insights into personalized treatment approaches and prognosis prediction. Despite the strengths of multi‐omic analysis in offering a more comprehensive view and personalized treatment strategies, challenges exist. Large sample sizes and ensuring high‐quality data remain crucial for reliable findings. Multi‐omic analysis has revolutionized TNBC research, shedding light on dysregulated pathways, potential targets, and emerging biomarkers. Continued research efforts are imperative to translate these insights into improved outcomes for TNBC patients.