1. Ahmad Ibn Abi al-Diyaf,Ithaf ahl al-zaman bi-akhbar muluk tunis wa 'ahd al-aman, vol. 3 (Tunis: al-dar al-tunisiyya lil-nashr, 1989), p. 267; Sir Thomas Reade, Public Record Office, Foreign Office [hereafter: PRO/FO], Tunisia, 77/30, Tunis, 18 January 1837.
2. Daniel Panzac,Les Corsaires barbaresques: La fin d'une epopee, 1800-1820(Paris: Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, 1999), pp. 228-44.
3. Other port cities, such as Alexandria and Beirut, experienced substantial in-migration from the Mediterranean islands throughout the nineteenth century. See Leila Fawaz,Merchants and Migrants in Nineteenth-Century Beirut(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983); and Michael J. Reimer,Colonial Bridgehead: Government and Society in Alexandria, 1807-1882(Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 1997).
4. Julia Clancy-Smith, 'Gender in the City: The Medina of Tunis', in David Anderson and Richard Rathbone (eds),Africa's Urban Past(London: J. Currey, 2000), pp. 189-204; and Julia Clancy-Smith, 'Marginality and Migration: Europe's Social Oucasts in Pre-Colonial Tunisia, 1830-81', in Eugene Rogan (ed.),Outside In: On the Margins of the Modern Middle East(London: I. B. Tauris, 2002), pp. 149-82.
5. Julia Clancy-Smith, 'Changing Historical Perspectives on Colonialism and Imperialism in the Middle East and North Africa,c.1900-Present', in Amy Singer and Israel Gershoni (eds),Twentieth-Century Historians and Historiography of the Middle East(Seattle: University of Washington Press, forthcoming).