1. Department of Nursing; I-Shou University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
2. Department of Nursing; Mackay Medical College; Taipei Taiwan
3. Department of Nursing; National Tainan Junior College of Nursing; Tainan Taiwan
4. Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery; Department of Surgery; E-DA Hospital; Kaohsiung Taiwan
5. Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Science; I-Shou University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
6. Nursing Department; E-DA Hospital; Kaohsiung Taiwan