1. From the Institute for Healthcare Delivery and Population Science University of Massachusetts Medical School Springfield MAUSA
2. the Department of Emergency Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School–Baystate Springfield MAUSA
3. the School of Public Health and Health Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst MAUSA
4. the Division of Hospital Medicine Baystate Medical Center Springfield MAUSA
5. and the Department of Population and Quantitative Health Science University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MAUSA