Affiliation:
1. Graduate School, Yonsei University Seoul South Korea
2. School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Seoul South Korea
3. Department of Conservative Dentistry Yonsei University College of Dentistry Seoul South Korea
4. Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine Yonsei University College of Dentistry Seoul South Korea
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundTrigeminal nerve injury following endodontic treatment, leading to unpleasant sensations or partial sensory loss in the face or oral mucosa, is uncommon but significant when it occurs.ObjectiveThis study analysed the pharmacological management of trigeminal nerve injuries (TNI) in a university‐based hospital.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 47 patients who visited the Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine at Yonsei University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea, after TNI following endodontic procedures in primary clinics. Both objective tests and subjective evaluations, assessed the extent and duration of sensory injury during the initial visit. The patient's initial symptoms, presumed cause of TNI, referral delay (time interval between TNI and the first visit to our clinic), and medications were analysed to determine whether these factors affected the outcomes.ResultsMost patients with TNI experienced dysesthesia with hypoesthesia (70.2%). The mandibular molars were predominantly affected (72.3%), with the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), lingual nerve (LN), both IAN and LN, and maxillary nerve compromised in 83.0, 12.8, 2.1, and 2.1% of cases, respectively. Causes of TNI included local anaesthesia (29.8%), overfilling/over‐instrumentation (25.5%), endodontic surgery (17.0%), and unknown factors (27.7%). A shorter referral delay was associated with better outcomes, with an average delay of 8.6 weeks for symptom improvement compared with 44.1 weeks for no change. The medication regimens included steroids, NSAIDs, topical lidocaine, vitamin B complex, Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), antiepileptics, antidepressants, and opioids administered alone or in combination, with a mean duration of 20.7 weeks. 53.2% of the patients reported improvement in their symptoms, 27.7% experienced no significant change, and 19.1% had unknown outcomes.ConclusionsSwift referral to an orofacial pain specialist is recommended for effective recovery in cases of TNI arising from endodontic treatment.