1. Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affiars and Communications Population estimates by age (5-year age group) and sex as of 1 June of 2015 http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/jinsui/tsuki/index.htm 2015
2. National Institute of Population and Social Security Research Population of foreign resident by resident status: 1952-2012 2014 http://www.ipss.go.jp/syoushika/tohkei/Popular/P_Detail2014.asp?fname=T10-03.htm
3. Ministry of Justice Changes in the number of registered foreign nationals as of the end of 2014 2016 http://www.moj.go.jp/nyuukokukanri/kouhou/nyuukokukanri04_00050.html
4. Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Current status of medical care for non-Japanese patients 2012 http://www.murc.jp/thinktank/rc/politics/politics_detail/120829.pdf
5. Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Regarding acceptance of foreign nurse and certified care worker candidates from Indonesia , the Philippines , and Vietnam 2015 http://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/koyou_roudou/koyou/gaikokujin/other22/index.html