Time‐varying effect modeling with intensive longitudinal data: Examining dynamic links among craving, affect, self‐efficacy and substance use during addiction recovery

Author:

Stull Samuel W.1ORCID,Linden‐Carmichael Ashley N.2ORCID,Scott Christy K.3ORCID,Dennis Michael L.3,Lanza Stephanie T.12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biobehavioral Health The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA

2. The Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center The Pennsylvania State University, University Park University Park PA USA

3. Chestnut Health Systems Chicago and Normal IL USA

Abstract

AbstractTime‐varying effect modeling (TVEM), a statistical technique for modeling dynamic patterns of change, presents new opportunities to study biobehavioral health processes. TVEM is particularly useful when applied to intensive longitudinal data (ILD) because it permits highly flexible modeling of outcomes over continuous time, as well as of associations between variables and moderation effects. TVEM coupled with ILD is ideal for the study of addiction. This article provides a general overview of using TVEM, particularly when applied to ILD, to better enable addiction scientists to conduct novel analyses that are important to realizing the dynamics of addiction‐related processes. It presents an empirical example using ecological momentary assessment data from participants throughout their first 90 days of addiction recovery to estimate the (1) associations between morning craving and same‐day recovery outcomes, (2) association between morning positive and negative affect and same‐day recovery outcomes and (3) time‐varying moderation effects of affect on the association between morning craving and recovery outcomes. We provide a didactic overview in implementing and interpreting the aims and results, including equations, computer syntax and reference resources. Our results highlight how affect operates as both a time‐varying risk and protective factor on recovery outcomes, particularly when considered in combination with experiences of craving (i.e. dynamic moderation). We conclude by discussing our results, recent innovations and future directions of TVEM for advancing addiction science, including how ‘time’ can be operationalized to probe new research questions.

Funder

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

National Institute on Drug Abuse

National Science Foundation

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Psychiatry and Mental health,Medicine (miscellaneous)

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