1. Graham Bowley, "EU unveils draft rules for talks on Turkey,"International Herald Tribune, June 30, 2005; and Carlos Yarnoz, "La EU decide mantener la negociacion con Turquia a pesar de la crisis europea."El Pais, June 30, 2005.
2. According to a post-referendum Eurobarometer study, six percent of Dutch voters gave enlargement as the reason for their no vote, while only three percent gave the inclusion of Turkey as the reason. In the case of France, the percentages were reversed, with three percent against further enlargement and six percent against Turkish membership. According to the indepth voter analysis, the main reasons for the no votes were: in the Netherlands, lack of information (32%), fear of a loss of national sovereignty (19%), opposition to the government (14%); in France, negative effect on employment (31%), bad economic situation in France (26%). In both cases roughly two thirds of the electorate thought that the failure to ratify the constitution would lead to its renegotiation to make it, either economically more social (France) or to better defend the interests of the Netherlands. Honor Mahony, "Enlargement Played Small Role in Constitution No Votes,"EUObserver.com, June 27, 2005.
3. "EU's New Scapegoat: Turkey,"The Journal of Turkish Weekly, June 23, 2005. http://www.turkishweekly.net/news.
4. On the two concepts of civilization, see, Johann P. Arnason,Civilizations in Dispute: Historical Questions and Theoretical Traditions. (Leiden: Brill, 2003).
5. For this and other official statements see ABIG's web site: http://www.abig.org.tr/en/template.asp. ABIG (European Union Communications Group) is a mixed public and private initiative of the Turkish government, the Union of Chambers of Commerce, and the Association of Turkish Businessmen and Industrialists to promote Turkey's candidacy for membership in the EU.