Affiliation:
1. Dipartimento di Testa‐Collo e organi di senso Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy
2. Private practice Rome Italy
3. UOC Odontoiatria Generale e Ortodonzia, Dipartimento Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Neurologiche Ortopediche e della Testa‐Collo. Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS Rome Italy
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe introduction of nickel‐titanium (NiTi) mechanical instruments dramatically changed clinical endodontics over the last few decades. Before NiTi, it was necessary to use more instruments to create an ideal root canal shape, and many approaches, sequences and techniques were developed over the years. Recently, NiTi endodontic instruments have undergone a series of changes brought about by modifications in design, surface treatments, and thermal treatments to improve their root canal preparation outcomes and reduce associated canal preparation risks during root canal treatment. Heat treatment is one of the most fundamental approaches to improving the fatigue resistance and flexibility of NiTi endodontic instruments. In addition, new kinematics have been developed to offer greater safety and efficiency. This narrative review describes the general properties and manufacturing of NiTi instruments, and the mechanical system evolution of NiTi instruments.
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