Colorimetric capture assay for human‐immunodeficiency‐virus‐1 reverse transcriptase activity

Abstract

The development of a colorimetric capture assay for HIV‐1 reverse transcriptase (RT) activity is described. This assay consisted of three basic steps: enzyme purification, RT reaction and product detection, which were all performed in the same microtitre plate. Mouse monoclonal anti‐RT antibodies of subclass G2a were bound by polyclonal goat anti‐(mouse IgG2a) immobilized in the wells of a microtitre plate. The monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were selected for their ability to bind HIV‐1 RT without hampering the polymerase activity. The assay system first involved the RT's adherence to the immobilized mAbs. Non‐specific enzymes and other impurities were removed by a simple wash, after which an RT reaction mixture containing BrdUTP as nucleotide substrate was added. After the RT reaction substrate and product had been separated by washing of the plate, the amount of BrdUMP‐DNA in the wells was finally detected with alkaline‐phosphatase‐conjugated mouse anti‐BrdU antibodies of subclass IgG1. The background signal in this system was similar to the signals obtained with control wells coated with BSA only. A detection limit of 1.2 μ‐units of RT activity, corresponding to 0.3 pg of RT protein, was obtained for the capture assay when applying colorimetric product detection. The assay detected RTs from HIV‐1 subtypes A and B and one of the two D type isolates tested. None of the five non‐HIV‐1 RTs tested was found positive. At least 50 μl of human serum or plasma per sample could be included in the capture assay without adverse effects on the recovery of the RT activity.