The influence of parasite load on transcriptional activity and morphology of a cestode and its ant intermediate host

Author:

Sistermans Tom1ORCID,Hartke Juliane1,Stoldt Marah1ORCID,Libbrecht Romain12,Foitzik Susanne1

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Mainz Germany

2. Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, UMR 7261, CNRS University of Tours Tours France

Abstract

AbstractParasites with complex life cycles are known to induce phenotypic changes in their intermediate hosts to increase transmission to the final host. The magnitude of these changes could increase with the number of parasites, which would be beneficial to co‐infecting parasites. Yet, adverse effects of high parasite load (i.e. many parasites in a single host) might stress both hosts and parasites (e.g. through an increased immune response). We investigated the consequences of parasite load on the transcriptional activity and morphology of the cestodeAnomotaenia brevisand its intermediate host, the antTemnothorax nylanderi. We demonstrated that many differentially expressed host genes shifted with parasite load, and their functions indicate a stronger immune response and fight against oxidative stress in heavily infected hosts. The expression of other host genes responded to infection in an all‐or‐nothing manner, as did the morphology of the host workers. However, the cestodes became smaller when they competed with other parasites for resources from a single host. Their expression profile further indicated shifts in host immune avoidance, starvation resistance and vesicle‐mediated transport. In summary, our study reveals clear consequences of parasite load and highlights specific processes and traits affected by this.

Funder

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Genetics,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

Reference105 articles.

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2. Cestode parasites release extracellular vesicles with microRNAs and immunodiagnostic protein cargo

3. Andrews S.(2010).FastQC: A quality control tool for high throughput sequence data.https://www.bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk/projects/fastqc/

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