1. DOI Northeast Climate Science Center; 134 Morrill Science Center; University of Massachusetts; Amherst Massachusetts 01003-9297 U.S.A
2. Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences; University of Missouri; Columbia Missouri 65211 U.S.A
3. Department of Biology and Marine Biology; University of North Carolina Wilmington; 601 South College Road Wilmington North Carolina 28403 U.S.A