Parotid saliva and blood biomarkers in juvenile idiopathic arthritis in relation to temporomandibular joint magnetic resonance imaging findings

Author:

Carlsson Alexandra Dimitrijevic123ORCID,Wahlund Kerstin4,Ghafouri Bijar5,Kindgren Erik678,Frodlund Martina9,Salé Hanna10,Klintström Eva1112,Johansson Carin Starkhammar2,Alstergren Per131314

Affiliation:

1. Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function Malmö University Malmö Sweden

2. Centre for Oral Rehabilitation, in Linköping, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Linköping University Linköping Sweden

3. Scandinavian Center for Orofacial Neurosciences (SCON) Malmö Sweden

4. Department of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function Kalmar County Hospital Kalmar Sweden

5. Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Medicine and Health Sciences Linköping University Linköping Sweden

6. Department of Pediatrics Västervik Hospital Västervik Sweden

7. Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Linköping University Linköping Sweden

8. Department of Pediatrics Skövde Hospital Sweden

9. Rheumatology/Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Linköping University Linköping Sweden

10. Department of Neuroradiology, Center of Medical Imaging and Physiology Skåne University Hospital Lund Sweden

11. Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV) Linköping University Linköping Sweden

12. Department of Radiology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences Linköping University Linköping Sweden

13. Skåne University Hospital, Specialized Pain Rehabilitation Lund Sweden

14. Orofacial Pain Unit Malmö University Malmö Sweden

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) often affects the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) caused by an abnormal immune system that includes overactive inflammatory processes. Salivary biomarkers may be a powerful tool that can help establishing diagnosis, prognosis and monitor disease progress.ObjectiveThe objective was to investigate biomarkers in parotid saliva and blood plasma in relation to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in patients with JIA and healthy individuals.MethodsForty‐five children aged 6 to 16 years with JIA and 16 healthy age‐ and sex‐matched controls were included. Unstimulated parotid saliva samples and venous blood were collected. Biochemical analyses were performed for the cytokine biomarkers. The participants underwent MR imaging of the TMJs, where changes in the inflammatory and the damage domains were assessed.ResultsIn the JIA patients, lower concentrations of IL‐6R and gp130 were found in parotid saliva than in plasma. Higher concentrations of IL‐6 were found in parotid saliva than in plasma. IL‐6, IL‐6R and gp130 in parotid saliva explained the presence of bone marrow oedema and effusion in the JIA patients.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the IL‐6 family in parotid saliva is associated with TMJ bone marrow oedema and effusion in patients with JIA, suggesting that IL‐6 has promising properties as a parotid saliva biomarker for TMJ inflammatory activity.

Publisher

Wiley

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