1. Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health Boston, Massachusetts 02115, U.S.A.
2. Graduate School of Business, Stanford University and NBER Stanford, California 94305, U.S.A.
3. Real World Analytics, Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, U.S.A.
4. Real World Analytics, Eli Lilly and Company Vienna, Austria