Familial hypercholesterolemia is related to cardiovascular disease, heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Results from a population‐based study

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundFamilial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, the prevalence of FH among a general population remains unknown, and it is unclear if FH is associated with other cardiovascular complications, including heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsAnalyses were conducted on individuals without a prior history of cardiovascular disease using a nationwide health claims database collected in the JMDC Claims Database between 2005 and 2022 (n = 4,126,642; median age, 44 years; 57.5% men). We defined FH as either LDL cholesterol ≥250 mg/dL or LDL cholesterol ≥175 mg/dL under the lipid‐lowering medications under the assumption that lipid‐lowering medications reduced LDL cholesterol by 30%. We assessed the associations between FH and composite outcomes, including, ASCVD (myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, and stroke), HF, and AF using Cox proportional hazard model.ResultsWe identified 11,983 (.29%) FH patients. In total, 181,150 events were recorded during the mean follow‐up period of 3.5 years. The status FH was significantly associated with composite outcomes after adjustments (hazard ratio [HR]; 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30–1.47, p < .001). Interestingly, the status FH was significantly associated with HF (HR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.36–1.61, p < .001) and AF (HR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.08–1.64, p < .001) in addition to angina pectoris (HR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.33–1.58, p < .001) and stroke (HR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.04–1.36, p < .001).ConclusionWe found that the prevalence of FH was .29% in a general population. FH was significantly associated with a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease, HF and AF.Lay summaryWe sought to identify the prevalence of FH among a general population, and to clarify whether FH increases the risk of not only ASCVD but also HF and AF.