On the role of antibody affinity and avidity in the IgE‐mediated allergic response

Abstract

AbstractType I hypersensitivity, also known as classical allergy, is mediated via allergen‐specific IgE antibodies bound to type I FcR (FcεRI) on the surface of mast cells and basophils upon cross‐linking by allergens. This IgE‐mediated cellular activation may be blocked by allergen‐specific IgG through multiple mechanisms, including direct neutralization of the allergen or engagement of the inhibitory receptor FcγRIIb which blocks IgE signal transduction. In addition, co‐engagement of FcεRI and FcγRIIb by IgE‐IgG‐allergen immune complexes causes down regulation of receptor‐bound IgE, resulting in desensitization of the cells. Both, activation of FcεRI by allergen‐specific IgE and engagement of FcγRIIb by allergen‐specific IgG are driven by allergen‐binding. Here we delineate the distinct roles of antibody affinity versus avidity in driving these processes and discuss the role of IgG subclasses in inhibiting basophil and mast cell activation.