Did COVID‐19 really change our well‐being? It's up to meaning in life: Evidence from two longitudinal studies

Abstract

AbstractSince the outbreak of COVID‐19, copious studies have explored whether and how COVID‐19 has changed individuals' well‐being. However, research has revealed mixed and inconsistent findings on this topic, with some suggesting that the pandemic hampered well‐being, and others showing non‐significant or even opposite patterns. Yet, little is known about what psychological factors could explain such discrepancies. The present study aims to fill this gap by proposing meaning in life (MIL) as a key moderator of the changes in well‐being following the pandemic. Two studies reported here (total N = 19,828), which took within‐person longitudinal approaches comparing subjective well‐being (SWB; hedonic well‐being) and psychological well‐being (PWB; eudaimonic well‐being) before and during COVID‐19 (Study 1: 2018, 2019 vs. 2020, 2021; Study 2: 2019 vs. 2021), provided empirical evidence supporting our theoretical claims. Specifically, we found significant moderative effects of MIL in both studies, such that individuals who held a higher MIL amidst COVID‐19 experienced an increase in SWB as well as PWB. In stark contrast, the two indicators of well‐being declined over time among those who possessed a lower MIL during the pandemic. Overall, our results suggest that MIL serves as one of the significant moderators of the changes in well‐being following COVID‐19, which may address the previous conflicting findings in this field.