1. 1. British Standards Institution. BS 5500: 1985. ‘Unfired fusion welded pressure vessels’.
2. 2. Haigh, B. P. , ‘An estimate of the bending stresses induced by pressure in a tube that is not initially circular’, 2nd Rep to the Welding Research Committee, Proc. I.Mech.E., 133, (1936), 96-98.
3. Cylindrical pressure vessels: stress systems in plain cylindrical shells and in plain and pierced drumheads;Carlson;Proc. I.Mech.E.,1955
4. 5. Spence, J. and Boyle, J. T. , ‘The influence of shape imperfections on stress in piping components’. I.Mech.E. Conf. ‘Significance of deviations from design shapes’, London, (1979).