1. School of Nursing; National Tainan Junior College of Nursing; Tainan Taiwan
2. School of Nursing; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
3. School of Nursing; Beerstecher-Blackwell Distinguished Term Scholar; Chapel Hill North Carolina U.S.A
4. School of Medicine; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Department of Internal Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung Taiwan
5. Department of Nursing; College of Medicine; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan Taiwan