Measuring cancer burden in prostatic needle core biopsies: simplified assessments outperform complex measurements in assessing outcome: evidence to assist pathologist efficiency and minimize datasets

Author:

Berney Daniel M12ORCID,Finnegan Kier3,Chu Kim3,Fine Samson W4ORCID,Varma Murali5,Cuzick Jack13,Beltran Luis2,

Affiliation:

1. Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London London UK

2. Department of Cellular Pathology Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital London UK

3. Centre for Prevention, Detection and Diagnosis Wolfson Institute of Population Health Queen Mary University of London UK

4. Department of Pathology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center New York NY USA

5. Department of Cellular Pathology University Hospital of Wales Cardiff WLS UK

Abstract

AimsThe optimal method of measuring cancer extent in prostate cancer (PCa) biopsies is unknown.Methods and ResultsNine hundred eighty‐one men with clinically localised PCa managed conservatively were reviewed with follow up. The number of positive cores (NPC), the Maximum Cancer Length in a core (MCL), Total Cancer Length (TCL), and percentage of positive cores (%+cores) was calculated and univariate and multivariate analysis performed using prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), T‐stage, and Gleason score. The presence of stromal gaps (SG) was recorded. Univariate models were run where SG made a difference to the MCL.All variables showed significant association with PCa death in univariate models. In multivariate models, incorporating PSA, T‐stage, and Gleason score, only %+cores was a significant predictor of outcome, with a 10% increase in %+cores resulting in a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.07 (likelihood‐ratio test P > Χ2 = 0.01). There were 120 patients where SG made a difference to the MCL and a total of 20 events in this group. Including SG, on univariate analysis the median MCL was 10 mm and HR was 1.16 (P = 0.007), not including SG, the median MCL was 6 mm and HR was 1.23 (P = 6.3 × 10−4). Inclusion or exclusion of SG made no significant difference to TCL as a predictor of outcome.ConclusionCancer extent is a strong predictor of PCa death but only %+cores added to the multivariate model. Expressed as a fraction of NPC/total number of cores, this is the simplest method of assessment, which we favour over more complicated methods in nontargeted biopsies.

Funder

Cancer Research UK

Myriad Genetics

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

General Medicine,Histology,Pathology and Forensic Medicine

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