1. UMR CNRS 6027 IRDL University of Brest Brest 29200 France
2. Versuchsanstalt für Stahl, Holz und Steine Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Otto‐Ammann Platz 1 Karlsruhe 76135 Germany
3. BATir Department Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Brussels 1050 Belgium
4. Civil Engineering Department National Society of French Railways La Plaine‐Saint‐Denis 93210 France