Direct effect of artificial warming on communities is stronger than its indirect effect through body mass reduction

Author:

Bazin Simon1ORCID,Diouloufet Virginie1,Molina Ange1,Peroux Tiphaine1,Montoya Jose M.2,Blanchet Simon2,Edeline Eric3ORCID,Jacquet Stéphan4,Rasconi Serena4,Fayolle Stéphanie5,Campana Marina1,Zambeaux Thalia15,Leclerc Camille1,Lassus Rémy1,Morla Julie1ORCID,Daufresne Martin1,Sentis Arnaud1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. INRAE, UMR RECOVER, Aix Marseille University Aix‐en‐Provence France

2. CNRS, Station d'Écologie Théorique et Expérimentale Moulis France

3. INRAE, UMR DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), Institut Agro Ifremer Rennes France

4. INRAE, UMR CARRTEL, Université Savoie Mont Blanc Thonon‐les‐Bains France

5. Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie (UMR IMBE), Aix‐Marseille University Marseille France

Abstract

Theory predicts that morphological and bioenergetic constraints due to temperature‐induced body size reduction can modulate the direct effects of warming on biotic interactions, with consequent effects on trophic cascades and biomass distribution. However, these theoretical predictions have rarely been tested empirically. Our aim was to distinguish the indirect effects of warming‐induced body size reductions from the direct effects of warming on community structure. We conducted a mesocosm experiment manipulating factorially 1) body size reduction in the medaka fish Oryzias latipes using two populations raised for several generations under contrasted climate conditions and 2) warming (+4°C), to test their independent and interactive effects on the structure of prey and primary resource communities, the predator–prey biomass ratio and the biomass size spectra. We further dissected the effects of seasonal temperature variation from the effects of constant artificial warming. We found that the indirect effects of warming (i.e. fish body size reduction) on composition and structure of communities as well as their biomass size spectra were of marginal amplitude compared to the direct effects of seasonal temperature variation and constant warming. There were no changes in community composition in response to fish body size reduction or constant warming. However, the density of macroinvertebrates and zooplankton were maximal at intermediate seasonal water temperatures and lower in constantly‐heated mesocosms. Contrastingly, phytoplankton was not strongly affected by seasonal temperature or warming, but rather responded to grazing effects of zooplankton. Finally, we found a reduction in predator–prey biomass ratio under warming and at the warmest seasonal temperature, inducing a steeper slope of the biomass size spectra under increasing seasonal (but not constant) temperature. We conclude that the direct effects of climate change on freshwater communities are stronger than its indirect effects mediated by body mass reduction.

Publisher

Wiley

Cited by 1 articles. 订阅此论文施引文献 订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献

1. Ecological consequences of body size reduction under warming;Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences;2024-08

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