End‐tidal oxygen partial pressure is a strong prognostic predictive factor in patients with cardiac disease

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundCardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) variables represent central and peripheral factors and combined factors in the pathology of patients with cardiac disease. The difference in end‐tidal oxygen partial pressure from resting to anaerobic threshold (ΔPETO2) may represent predominantly peripheral factors. This study aimed to verify the prognostic significance of ΔPETO2 for major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) in cardiac patients, including comparison with the minute ventilation–carbon dioxide production relationship (VE/VCO2 slope), and peak oxygen uptake (VO2).MethodsIn total, 185 patients with cardiac disease who underwent CPET were consecutively enroled in this retrospective study. The primary endpoint was 3‐year MACCE. The ability of ΔPETO2, VE/VCO2 slope, and peak VO2 to predict MACCE was examined.ResultsOptimal cut‐off values for predicting MACCE were 2.0 mmHg for ΔPETO2 (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.829), 29.8 for VE/VCO2 slope (AUC: 0.734), and 19.0 mL/min/kg for peak VO2 (AUC: 0.755). The AUC of ΔPETO2 was higher than those of VE/VCO2 slope and peak VO2. The MACCE‐free survival rate was significantly lower in the ΔPETO2 ≤ 2.0 group versus the ΔPETO2 > 2.0 group (44.4% vs. 91.2%, p < 0.001). ΔPETO2 ≤ 2.0 was an independent predictor of MACCE after adjustment for age and VE/VCO2 slope (hazard ratio [HR], 7.28; p < 0.001) and after adjustment for age and peak VO2 (HR, 6.52; p < 0.001).ConclusionΔPETO2 was a strong predictor of MACCE independent of and superior to VE/VCO2 slope and peak VO2 in patients with cardiac disease.