1. Retreat into Legalism: The Little Rock School Desegregation Case in Historic Perspective
2. 2. The complete text and audio of Eisenhower's statement can be found at "Ike on Little Rock," 1 April 2006 cited at http://americanradioworks.publicradio.org/features/marshall/ike.html.
3. 3. "Congresslink: The Dirkson Congressional Center, Major Features of the Civil Rights Act of 1964," 1 April 2006 cited at http://www.congresslink.org/print_basics_histmats_civilrights64text.htm.
4. 4. "Civil Rights--Best Chance?"Newsweek, 15 July 1957, 23-25. Interestingly, Eisenhower also carried Louisiana in 1956, becoming the first Republican ever to carry a state in the Deep South.
5. 5. "Races: Backward Step,"Time, 22 July 1957, 16; "Impeach Justices Thurmond Urges: Senator Says Decisions Curb Anti-Communist Actions-Sees 'Great Menace,' "New York Times, 8 July 1957, 15; Bernard Taper,Gomillion Versus Lightfoot: The Tuskegee Gerrymander Case(New York: McGraw Hill Company, 1962), 96; "Veto of Court Asked: Proposal Would Allow Senate Last Word on States' Rights,"New York Times, 6 July 1957, 13. Although not examined here, July of 1957 also saw the Congress debate two major attempts to limit the power of the judiciary. One example, the city of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, voted to liquidate its public parks and golf course rather than see them integrated, "Florida City Sells Links to Bar Play by Negroes,"New York Times, 10 July 1957, 14.