1. John Dittmer,Local People: The Struggle for Civil Rights in Mississippi(Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1994), 396; Cleveland Sellers and Robert Terrell, "From BlackConsciousness to Black Power," inThe Eyes on the Prize Civil Rights Reader, eds. Clayborne Carson, David J. Garrow, Gerald Gill, Vincent Harding, & Darlene Clark Hine (New York: Penguin, 1991), 281.
2. William L. Van Deburg,New Day in Babylon: The Black Power Movement and American Culture, 1965-1975(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993), 12, and Stokely Carmichael, "What We Want,"New York Review of Books, 22 September 1966 inThe Struggle for Racial Equaltiy, ed. Henry Steele Commager (New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1967), 256.
3. Dittmer,Local People, 397.
4. See for example David Burner,Making Peace With The 60s(Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1996), 49-83; Robert Cook,Sweet Land of Liberty? The African-American Struggle for Civil Rights in the Twentieth Century(London and New York: Longman, 1998), 201; Adam Fairclough,Better Day Coming: Blacks and Equality, 1890-2000(New York and London: Penguin, 2002), 314.
5. Charles Payne,I've Got the Light of Freedom: The Organizing Tradition and the Mississippi Freedom Struggle(Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1995), 438. For community studies see William H. Chafe's pioneeringCivilities and Civil Rights: Greensboro, North Carolina, and the Black Struggle for Freedom(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980). More recent examples include John Dittmer,Local People; Glen T. Eskew,But for Birmingham: The Local and National Movements in the Civil Rights Struggle(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997); Adam Fairclough,Race and Democracy: The Civil Rights Struggle in Louisiana, 1915-1972(Athens and London: University of Georgia Press, 1995); John Kirk,Redefining the Color Line: Black Activism in Little Rock, Arkansas, 1940-1970(Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2002); Peter Levy,Civil War on Race Street: The Civil Rights Movement in Cambridge, Maryland(Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2003); Robert J. Norrell,Reaping the Whirlwind: The Civil Rights Movement in Tuskegee(New York: Vintage Books, 1986); Robert O. Self,American Babylon: Race and the Struggle for Postwar Oakland(Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2003); J. Mills Thornton III,Dividing Lines: Municipal Politics and the Struggle for Civil Rights in Montgomery, Birmingham, and Selma(Tuscaloosa and London: University of Alabama Press, 2002); and Stephen Tuck,Beyond Atlanta: The Struggle for Racial Equality in Georgia, 1940-1980(Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2003).