1. School of Medicine and Big Data Research CenterFu‐Jen Catholic University New Taipei Taiwan
2. Department of Internal MedicineFu‐Jen Catholic University Hospital New Taipei Taiwan
3. Department of Internal MedicineE‐Da Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan
4. Graduate Institute of Clinical MedicineChina Medical University Taichung Taiwan
5. Division of Translational ResearchTaipei Veterans General Hospital Taipei Taiwan
6. Department of MedicineChung Shan Medical University Taichung Taiwan
7. Institute of Statistical ScienceAcademia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
8. Departments of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsBrown University Providence RI USA
9. Department of Internal MedicineNational Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan
10. School of MedicineNational Yang‐Ming University Taipei Taiwan
11. Section of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineMichael E DeBakey VA Medical CenterBaylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA