1. Department of Peri‐operative Medicine University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust Southampton UK
2. School of Health Sciences University of Southampton Southampton UK
3. Department of Colorectal Surgery University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust Southampton UK
4. Department of Urological Surgery University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust Southampton UK
5. Department of Prehabilitation Medicine University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust Southampton UK
6. NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Southampton UK
7. Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust Southampton UK