Alcohol and its associated liver carcinogenesis

Author:

Jacob Rachael1ORCID,Prince David S.23ORCID,Kench Charlotte1,Liu Ken14ORCID

Affiliation:

1. AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia

2. Department of Gastroenterology and Liver Liverpool Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia

3. Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia

4. Sydney Medical School University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia

Abstract

AbstractAlcohol consumption is a major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The prevalence of alcohol‐associated hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC) varies worldwide but is highest in Eastern Europe. Alcohol is the second fastest‐growing cause of age‐standardized liver cancer mortality with tumors more often diagnosed outside surveillance protocols and at a more advanced stage. Risk factors for aHCC include greater amounts of alcohol consumption, sex, and certain genetic polymorphisms. Smoking, concomitant liver disease, obesity, and diabetes act synergistically in increasing the risk of HCC in alcohol‐associated liver disease. Alcohol‐related hepatocarcinogenesis results from the complex interactions of several mechanistic pathways. Although not completely understood, underlying mechanisms include acetaldehyde‐related hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress, activation of the innate immune system, and alterations of the host microbiome.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Gastroenterology,Hepatology

Reference75 articles.

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