Effectiveness of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)‐guided choledochoduodenostomy vs. EUS‐guided gallbladder drainage for jaundice in patients with malignant distal biliary obstruction after failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: Retrospective, multicenter study (GALLBLADEUS Study)

Abstract

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare endoscopic ultrasound‐guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS‐CDS) vs. EUS‐gallbladder drainage (EUS‐GBD) in cases of failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for jaundice resulting from malignant distal biliary obstruction (MDBO).MethodsThis multicenter retrospective study included patients with obstructive jaundice secondary to MDBO who underwent EUS‐GBD or EUS‐CDS with lumen‐apposing metal stents after failed ERCP. The primary end‐point was clinical success rate. Secondary end‐points were technical success, periprocedural adverse events rate (<24 h), late adverse events rate (>24 h), overall survival, and time to recurrent biliary obstruction.ResultsA total of 78 patients were included: 41 underwent EUS‐GBD and 37 underwent EUS‐CDS. MDBO was mainly the result of pancreatic cancer (n = 63/78, 80.7%). Clinical success rate was similar for both procedures: 87.8% for EUS‐GBD and 89.2% for EUS‐CDS (P = 0.8). Technical success rate was 100% for EUS‐GBD and 94.6% for EUS‐CDS (P = 0.132). Periprocedural morbidity (<24 h) rates were similar between both groups: 4/41 (9.8%) for EUS‐GBD and 5/37 (13.5%) for EUS‐CDS (P = 0.368). There was a significantly higher rate of late morbidity (>24 h) among patients in the EUS‐CDS group (8/37 [21.6%]) than in the EUS‐GBD group (3/41 [7.3%]) (P = 0.042). The median follow‐up duration was 4.7 months. Overall survival and time to recurrent biliary obstruction did not significantly differ between the groups.DiscussionAfter failed ERCP for MDBO, EUS‐GBD and EUS‐CDS show comparable clinical success rates and technical success. EUS‐GBD appears to be a promising alternative for MDBO, even as a second‐line treatment after failed ERCP. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and compare the long‐term outcomes of EUS‐GBD and EUS‐CDS.