Differences in specific abdominal fat depots between metabolically healthy and unhealthy children with overweight/obesity: The role of cardiorespiratory fitness

Abstract

ObjectivesFat depots localization has a critical role in the metabolic health status of adults. Nevertheless, whether that is also the case in children remains under‐studied. Therefore, the aims of this study were: (i) to examine the differences between metabolically healthy (MHO) and unhealthy (MUO) overweight/obesity phenotypes on specific abdominal fat depots, and (ii) to further explore whether cardiorespiratory fitness plays a major role in the differences between metabolic phenotypes among children with overweight/obesity.MethodsA total of 114 children with overweight/obesity (10.6 ± 1.1 years, 62 girls) were included. Children were classified as MHO (n = 68) or MUO. visceral (VAT), abdominal subcutaneous (ASAT), intermuscular abdominal (IMAAT), psoas, hepatic, pancreatic, and lumbar bone marrow adipose tissues were measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using the 20 m shuttle run test.ResultsMHO children had lower VAT and ASAT contents and psoas fat fraction compared to MUO children (difference = 12.4%–25.8%, all p < 0.035). MUO‐unfit had more VAT and ASAT content than those MUO‐fit and MHO‐fit (difference = 34.8%–45.3%, all p < 0.044). MUO‐unfit shows also greater IMAAT fat fraction than those MUO‐fit and MHO‐fit peers (difference = 16.4%–13.9% respectively, all p ≤ 0.001). In addition, MHO‐unfit presented higher IMAAT fat fraction than MHO‐fit (difference = 13.4%, p < 0.001). MUO‐unfit presented higher psoas fat fraction than MHO‐fit (difference = 29.1%, p = 0.008).ConclusionsVAT together with ASAT and psoas fat fraction, were lower in MHO than in MUO children. Further, we also observed that being fit, regardless of metabolic phenotype, has a protective role over the specific abdominal fat depots among children with overweight/obesity.