When you see nothing at all: Outcomes following a negative laparoscopy. A systematic review

Abstract

BackgroundPersistent pelvic pain (PPP) is a complex and often debilitating condition. While widely accepted to be multifactorial in nature, the precise aetiology of PPP remains elusive. In many cases, women who undergo laparoscopy for PPP will have no visible pathology identified (a ‘negative’ laparoscopy). Currently, there are no consensus guidelines which outline the recommended management following a negative laparoscopy, and the woman's experiences and outcomes are not widely known.AimsThis review aims to identify and summarise the literature surrounding the experiences of women with PPP who have a negative laparoscopy; specifically, their outcomes of pain, quality of life (QoL), satisfaction with care, and their overall management.Materials and MethodsA systematic search of the electronic databases Ovid Medline, PubMed and Embase was performed. Studies in English exploring the outcomes of women with PPP following a negative laparoscopy were included.ResultsFour studies consisting of a total of 200 women were included. Results were inconsistent. Three studies concluded that the majority of women with PPP had persistent pain following a negative laparoscopy. A single study found that pain significantly improved after negative laparoscopy. QoL outcomes varied, with two studies reporting a positive impact and two studies reporting a deleterious impact on QoL following a negative laparoscopy.ConclusionsThe impact on pain outcomes and QoL following a laparoscopy that does not diagnose pathology remains unknown, and the available evidence is insufficient to guide evidence‐based practice. This review highlights a significant gap in our understanding of surgical management for PPP.