1. *I wish to thank Edward A. McCord for his tireless input into this article, from its initial conception to the final edit. And to Andrew Zimmerman, whose theoretical and historical insights helped me work out a number of kinks.
2. 1.House Journal, 27th Cong., 3d sess., 122-24; James D. Richardson, ed.A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents, 1789-1897(Washington, DC, 1896), 4: 211-14;House Document, 27th Cong., 3d sess., no. 35, fiche 420.
3. 2.House Journal, 27th Cong., 3d sess., December 31, 1842, 122-24;House Document, 27th Cong., 3d sess., December 31, 1842, no. 35, fiche 420; Charles Maurice Wiltse and Harold D. Moser, eds.The Papers of Daniel Webster: Diplomatic Papers(Hanover, NH, 1974), 1: 900; Richardson, ed.Compilation of the Messages and Papers, 4: 211-14.
4. 4. Fairbank, "American China Policy to 1898."