1. Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung City Taiwan
2. National Tainan Junior College of Nursing (NTIN) Tainan Taiwan
3. Department of Surgical Nursing STIkes, Santa Elisabeth Medan Sempakata Indonesia
4. School of Nursing Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung City Taiwan
5. Department of Medical Research Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Kaohsiung City Taiwan