Seasonal and spatial variation of stream macroinvertebrate taxonomic and functional diversity across three boreal regions

Author:

Baker Nathan Jay12ORCID,Welti Ellen A. R.13ORCID,Pilotto Francesca4ORCID,Jourdan Jonas5ORCID,Beudert Burkhard6ORCID,Huttunen Kaisa‐Leena7ORCID,Muotka Timo7ORCID,Paavola Riku8ORCID,Göthe Emma9ORCID,Haase Peter110ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of River Ecology and Conservation Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt Gelnhausen Germany

2. Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology of Hydrobionts Nature Research Centre Vilnius Lithuania

3. Conservation Ecology Center Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute Front Royal Virginia USA

4. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Oslo Norway

5. Department of Aquatic Ecotoxicology Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt am Main Germany

6. Department of Conservation and Research Bavarian Forest National Park Grafenau Germany

7. Department of Ecology and Genetics University of Oulu Oulu Finland

8. Oulanka Research Station University of Oulu Infrastructure Platform Kuusamo Finland

9. Water Unit, County Board of Dalarna Falun Sweden

10. Department of River and Floodplain Ecology University of Duisburg‐Essen Duisburg Germany

Abstract

Abstract The exploration of biodiversity has predominantly been based on taxonomic measures, whereas functional diversity, a key component of biodiversity, is comparatively understudied. Therefore, studies simultaneously investigating patterns of taxonomic and functional diversity change in biological communities are of increasing interest. We collated high‐resolution macroinvertebrate and environmental data from 70 boreal headwater stream sites across three European countries (Germany, Finland, Sweden) to (1) investigate seasonal variation in taxonomic diversity, functional diversity, and redundancy, and (2) identify their potential drivers of spatial and seasonal variation. Seasonal changes in boreal macroinvertebrate taxonomic diversity were decoupled from changes in functional diversity. Seasonal shifts in environmental conditions, including acidity and nutrient variability, drove fluctuations in taxonomic diversity which were far more pronounced than those of functional diversity. Seasonal shifts in environmental conditions including variation in the quantity, quality, and state of organic carbon (dissolved vs particulate) facilitate an exchange of taxa, leading to taxonomically unique communities that exploit the pool of available seasonal resources. Thus, similar levels of functional diversity across seasons—even as taxonomic diversity changes—suggest limited differences in interspecific changes in community function, potentially indicating functional resistance rooted in redundancy. We highlight the spatial and seasonal discrepancies of freshwater communities, emphasising the need for both taxonomic and functional diversity patterns to be assessed in future biodiversity monitoring programmes.

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Insect Science,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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