From self‐care behaviours to cardiometabolic risks prevention for the health of farmers: Nursing implications

Abstract

AbstractAimsThe study aimed to explore farmers' self‐care behaviours including oral hygiene, remaining natural teeth, cardiometabolic risks, hepatitis, risk of stroke and their determinant factors.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted between June 2020 and March 2021 in the south‐western remote areas of Taiwan. We recruited current farmers who participated in an annual community health screening conducted by a collaborated local hospital. Data were collected through face‐to‐face interviews using a semi‐structured questionnaire. Blood samples were drawn and stored in the central laboratory of the cooperating hospital. The study outcomes included cardiometabolic risks, the remaining natural teeth, and farmers' self‐care behaviours including oral hygiene, adopting a healthy diet and substance use.ResultsOverall, 183 current farmers (55.2% women, aged 66.9 ± 11.7 years) were enrolled. Abnormal blood pressure, high risk of stroke, metabolic syndrome and hepatitis C virus infection were found among the participants. The average remaining teeth were 12.1, 73.2% of participants had <20 teeth; 90.2% and 71% did not undergo regular dental check‐ups and scaling or use dental floss, respectively. The determinant factors associated with the remaining teeth included a high risk of stroke, teeth scaling and dental floss use. Although only 3.8% felt mentally distressed, many farmers were unaware of having potential cardiometabolic diseases and curable viral hepatitis, and only two had received antiviral treatment.ConclusionThe farmers in this study had a high prevalence of cardiometabolic risks, a high probability of stroke, inadequate number of remaining teeth and poor oral hygiene behaviours. These findings can provide evidence to develop health promotion programmes for farmers.ImpactThis study demonstrates the health needs of farmers. We strongly recommend that community nurses empower farmers to engage in self‐care behaviours through tailored health promotion programmes. For instance, by discussing cardiometabolic risk prevention from the farmers' perspectives to improve their health literacy.