1. Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, U.S.A.,
2. Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, U.S.A.; and National Marine Protected Areas Center, Science Institute, 110 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, U.S.A.
3. Department of Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon State University, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, U.S.A.
4. Program on the Environment, University of Washington at Seattle, Box 352802, Seattle, WA 98195‐2802 U.S.A. and IAS Environmental Science Program, University of Washington at Tacoma, Box 358436, 1900 Commerce Street, Tacoma, WA 98402‐3100, U.S.A.