1. Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Karabuk University, Demir‐Celik Campus Karabuk Turkey
2. Cardiovascular Surgery Intensive Care Unit Karabuk University Training and Research Hospital Karabuk Turkey
3. Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Bartin University, Agdacı Campus Bartın Turkey
4. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Karabuk University Karabuk Turkey