1. Ege University College of Nursing, Department of Fundamentals of Nursing; İzmir Turkey
2. İzmir Dr. Suat Seren Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital; İzmir Turkey
3. İzmir Katip Celebi University Faculty of Health Science, Department of Fundamentals of Nursing; İzmir Turkey
4. Adnan Menderes University College of Nursing, Department of Fundamentals of Nursing; Aydın Turkey