Effect of using eye masks and earplugs in preventing delirium in intensive care patients: A single‐blinded, randomized, controlled trial

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundDelirium, which is frequently encountered in intensive care patients, can be prevented with multicomponent nursing interventions, and thus the negative consequences can be reduced.AimTo examine the effect of using eye masks and earplugs in preventing delirium in intensive care units (ICUs).Study DesignA randomized, controlled, single‐blind intervention study. This study was conducted in the medical and surgical ICUs of a tertiary hospital, and nurses were given pre‐study training on delirium risks, diagnosis, prevention, and management. Data were collected using the patient information form, the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale, the Richard–Campbell Sleep Scale, and the daily follow‐up form. Various environmental modifications were made in the ICUs for all patients, and evidence‐based nonpharmacological nursing interventions were applied to the patients in both groups during the day and night shifts for 3 days. In addition, the patients in the intervention group were provided with eye masks and earplugs for three nights.ResultsThe study included a total of 60 patients (30 in the intervention group and 30 in the control group). There was a statistically significant difference in the development of delirium between the intervention and control groups (night of the 2nd day, p = .019; day of the 3rd day p < .001; night of the 3rd day p ≤ .001). The average total sleep quality score of the intervention group was found to be significantly higher than the control group (p ≤ .001 for three nights). Staying in the internal medicine ICU affected (odds ratio [OR], 11.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.00–46.66; p = .017) more on the development of delirium than in coronary ICU, being in the age group of 65 and over, having a hearing impairment, coming to ICU from the operating room, and education level had an effect.ConclusionsThe earplugs and eye masks used by the intensive care patients overnight were found to be effective in increasing sleep quality and preventing delirium.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe use of eye masks and earplugs is recommended for ICUs in preventing delirium.